Computer memory
A20 - a pain from the past win tue
A20 - a pain from the past
''Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience'' – By James Tomayko (Chapter 2, Part 5, "The Apollo guidance computer: Hardware")
Ch2-5
The Arcade Flyer Archive – Konami Bubble System Flyer
The Arcade Flyer Archive -
Bubble System, Konami
Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present. Appendix F: Memory Types – Web site by John Bayko
The Great CPU List, Appendix F
Intel Corp - Intel, a maker of several notable CPU lines, including IA-32, IA-64, and XScale. Also a producer of various peripheral chips for use with their CPUs.
Intel
CAM Primer toronto cam
Kostas Pagiamtzis :: Introduction to Content-Addressable Memory (CAM)
Photos of core rope memory and its production – By Raytheon; hosted by the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology
Are you ready for http://www.froola.com? froola
Memory Hierarchy in Cache-Based Systems , by Ruud van der Pas, 2002, Sun Microsystems, is a nice introductory article to CPU memory caching.
Cache Performance for SPEC CPU2000 Benchmarks — Hill and Cantin — 2003 — This reference paper has been updated several times. It has thorough and lucidly presented simulation results for a reasonably wide set of benchmarks and cache organizations.
Cache performance of SPEC CPU2000
Official JEDEC website
JEDEC
Overview of QBM articles memory display
X-bit labs - Articles - Quad Band Memory Technology from Kentron: Shorter Way to Higher Memory Bandwidth?
Overview of Rambus XDR labs
GamePC - Restarting The Memory War : Rambus XDR DRAM Tech Preview
Overview of DDR-II technology memory
LostCircuits, Memory Reviews
Delay line memories science uva museum
Delay line memories
Acoustic Delay Line Memory www stanford pub museum pictures display
Early Devices display
Univac I mercury delay line memory permission for this picture given by autor, Ed Thelen -->
How to Install PC Memory Guides support
How to Install PC Memory
DMA and Interrupt Handling
Direct Memory Access (DMA) and Interrupt Handling
Memory Mapping and DMA , from Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition, Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman
mmap() and DMA , from Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition, Alessandro Rubini & Jonathan Corbet
Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition: Chapter 13: mmap and DMA
Librascope RPC-4000 – Another drum memory computer referenced in the above story
BRL Report 1964
Librascope LGP-30 – The drum memory computer referenced in the above story, also referenced on Librascope LGP-30.
BRL Report 1964
The Story of Mel – the classic story about one programmer's drum machine hand-coding antics
Challenges and future directions for the scaling of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) - J. A. Mandelman, R. H. Dennard, G. B. Bronner, J. K. DeBrosse, R. Divakaruni, Y. Li, and C. J. Radens, IBM 2002
Challenges and future directions for the scaling of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
Scaling and Technology Issues for Soft Error Rates - A Johnston - 4th Annual Research Conference on Reliability Stanford University, October 2000
Soft errors' impact on system reliability - Ritesh Mastipuram and Edwin C Wee, Cypress Semiconductor, 2004
Soft errors' impact on system reliability - 9/30/2004 - EDN
Tezzaron Semiconductor Soft Error White Paper 1994 litterature review of memory error rate measurements.
Benefits of Chipkill-Correct ECC for PC Server Main Memory - A 1997 discussion of SDRAM reliability - some interesting information on "soft errors" from cosmic rays, especially with respect to Error-correcting code schemes
Back to Basics - Memory, part 3 archives
Back to Basics - Memory, part 3
Basic DRAM operation has some interesting historical trend charts of cell size and DRAM density -- but they only go to 1995. Anyone have more recent data?
Samsung DRAM Lecture
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A20 handler , Apollo Guidance Computer , Bubble memory , Central processing unit , Content-addressable memory , Core rope memory , CPU cache , DDR2 SDRAM , DDR SDRAM , Delay line memory , DIMM , Direct memory access , Drum memory , Dynamic random access memory , .
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