Mathematical tools



Java applet of Chinese, Japanese and Russian abaci tux abacus
        Abacus

The World’s Smallest Abacus research ibm atomic
        IBM Research | Projects | Atomic and Nano Technology | Engineering with individual molecules at room temperature

Abacus Photos and Images abacus abacus images
        ★ Abacus Device Images and photos at Abacus.ca Image

Roman abacus
        Roman Abacus

Mesoamerican abacus (this site is no longer online - but the webarchive backup is; however, one of the author’s documents comparing the organization and use of the Mesoamerican abacus and the Chinese abacus is mirrored at
        A Comparison of Chinese and Mesoamerican Abacuses

Suan Pan
        Chinese Abacus

Soroban: The Japanese Abacus Soroban direct from Japan.
        Soroban

Soroban Abacus Handbook A guide to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
        THE ABACUS HANDBOOK

Soroban soroban
        first set of words

Lee Kai-chen's Improved Abacus - A demonstration of how the Lee's Abacus works
        LEE KAI-CHEN ABACUS - A Demonstration

Advanced Abacus Techniques soroban
        Advanced Abacus Techniques - Abacus Instruction. Advanced abacus. Soroban, suan pan techniques.

Abacus: Mystery of the Bead - An Abacus Manual
        ABACUS: MYSTERY OF THE BEAD - Abacus Instructions Manual. How to use an abacus. Abacus instruction.

Abacus abacus
        The Abacus: Index

Abacus Tutorial Online tutorial teaches addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root using abacus.
        Learn Chinese
Good to know http://www.froola.com. Mathematical_tools

Suan pan in Various Number Systems at cut-the-knot
        Suan pan in various number systems

Soroban in Various Number Systems at cut-the-knot
        Soroban in various number systems

Abacus in Various Number Systems at cut-the-knot
        Abacus in various number systems

Full text of translation of "Sketch of the Analytical Engine" by L. F. Menabrea with Ada's notes and extensive commentary babbage sketch
        Sketch of The Analytical Engine

From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush , Annals of the History of Computing, Volume 4, Number 4, October 1982.
        

The Analytical Engine at Fourmilab babbage
        The Analytical Engine

30th Anniversary of the Calculator – From Sharp's web presentation of its history; including a picture of the CS-10A desktop calculator
        1994

On TI's US Patent No. 3819921 – From TI's own website
        Electronic Hand-Held Calculator

MyCalcDB : 70's and 80's calculators database
        MyCalcDB

French Casio Calculator Community
        Graph100:PagePrincipale

International Casio Calculator Community
        Universal Casio Forum

Number pad typing tutorial
        free ten key number pad course - lesson one

HP Calculator Wiki
        Calculators - Main.HomePage

slide rules/mech. section
        Early Calculators

The Museum of HP Calculators
        The Museum of HP Calculators

Broken Calculator cut the knot curriculum arithmetic
        A Broken Calculator

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It uses material from the Wikipedia articles : Abacus , Ada Lovelace , Analytical engine , Calculator , .
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